The four scenario defences

Most red-light defences fall into four scenarios. Read your disclosure carefully and work out which applies to you:

1. Officer in the opposite direction — they observed your signal from an angle, across traffic.
2. Right turn on red — the charge should have been s. 144(19), not s. 144(18).
3. Entered on amber — your front tires crossed the stop line while the light was still amber.
4. No road markings — no stop line, crosswalk, or markings, so the stopping point is unprovable.

One case can raise more than one. And one argument — the light functioning requirement — applies in every red-light trial.